Seasonal and Regional Distribution of Lightning Fraction Over Indian Subcontinent

Four years of Indian Institute Tropical Meteorology lightning location network observation data are used to determine the seasonal and spatial (over different geographical locations) distribution ratio intra-cloud (IC) cloud-to-ground (CG) in thunderstorms over subcontinent. The is high (6–10) northwestern parts low (0.5–3.5) northeastern parts. No prominent latitudinal variation IC CG exists, but a climatological variability exists all regions. In pre-monsoon season (March–May), mean observed be 3.81 with standard deviation 0.79, during monsoon (June–September), value 3.04 0.50. Although convective available potential energy regulating factor, little dependency has been found between (IC:CG ratio) total flash rate (f), as well cold cloud depths. proportional f0.61. depth most prominently linked regional IC:CG ratio. implication these results importance separating from can numerical models give proper prediction hazard mitigation.